International Trade - Definition, Meaning Term Paper

International Trade - Definition, Meaning - Term Paper Example Commerce includes all those activities, which are connected with trade and auxiliaries to trade such as transport, warehousing, insurance, and banking and finance. In 1980 only 25 percent of the exports of developing countries were manufactured; by 1998 this had raised to 80 percent Davis and Weinstein show that developing country exports are indeed now labor-intensive. This is an astonishing transformation over a very short period. The developing countries that have shifted into manufactures trade are quite diverse. Relatively low-income countries such as China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have manufactured shares in their exports that are above the world average of 81 percent. Others, such as India, Turkey, Morocco, and Indonesia, have shares that are nearly as high as the world average. Another important change in the pattern of developing country exports has been their substantial increase in exports of services. In the early 1980s, commercial services made up 17 percent of the exports of rich countries but only 9 percent of the exports of developing countries. During the third wave of globalization, the share of services in rich country exports increased slightly to 20 percent-but for developing countries the share almost doubled to 17 percent. What accounted for this shift Partly it was changing economic policy. Tariffs on manufactured goods in developed countries continued to decline, and many developing countries undertook major trade liberalizations. At the same time, many countries liberalized barriers to foreign investment and improved other aspects of their investment climate. Partly it was due to continuing technical progress in transport Containerization and airfreight brought a considerable speeding up of shipping, allowing countries to participate in international production networks. New information and communications technologies mean it is easier to manage and control geographically dispersed supply chains. And information-based activities are "weightless" so their inputs and outputs (digitized information) can be shipped at virtually no cost. Some analysts have suggested that new technologies lead to the "death of distance" undermining the advantage of agglomeration. This is likely true in a few activities, while for other activities distance seems to be becoming even more important-for example, the proximity requirements of "just-in-time" technologies. The OECD agglomerations continue to have massive cost advantages and technological change may even be increasing these advantages.  Ã‚  

Human Growth and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human Growth and development - Essay Example In mono-cultural classrooms, this theory is often ignored but when students have to interact with other students belonging to other cultures in the same classroom, then the acquiring of learning where cultures are preserved at the same time becomes extremely important. Bringing different social groups belonging to different ethnic background under one single educational focus is something supported by Vygotsky’s theory. Students learn to interact with different cultures and this adds to their cognitive development which would never have occurred in a mono-cultural classroom. Also, the collaborative work environment within the classrooms has many social effects which facilitate the students’ learning process and aids in their cognitive development. The teachers and more capable peers also aid in placing the student’s learning into the zone of proximal development or expanding it through scaffolding since it helps the learner to solve tasks in less time with assist ed learning. Today’s educational system can also be facilitated through the use of technology and enhanced scaffolding techniques which reduces the need for assisted learning. Works Cited Kozulin, Alex. Vygotsky’s Educational Theory in Cultural Context. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.